This case study analyses improvements to primary education in Kaduna State, focusing on the 2009– 2020 period before the COVID-19 school closures. It considers the broad trajectory of education reforms in Kaduna State, and the specific contribution of the Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL) and other UK governance and education programmes. The study finds evidence of important improvements to service delivery, including large increases in primary school enrolment and completion rates, particularly for girls.